A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects part of the urinary tract. When it affects the lower urinary tract it is known as a simple cystitis (a bladder infection) and when it affects the upper urinary tract it is known as pyelonephritis (a kidney infection).
Causes of UTI:
1.Bacteria:
-E.coli
-Pseudomonas
-Proteus
-streptococci
-staphylococcus epidermidis and saprophyticus
2.Virus
-adeno virus
3.Fungus
-candida albicans
4.Parasites:
-schistosoma haematobium
-wuchereria bancrofti
Predisposing factor for UTI
1.incomplete bladder emptying
-bladder outflow obstruction
-neurological problem such as multiple sclerosis ,diabetic neuropathy )
-gynaecological abnormalities such as uterine prolapse.
-vesico ureteric reflux
2.Foreign bodies
-urethral catheter or uterine stent
3.Loss of host defences
-atrophic urethritis and vaginitis in post menopausal women
-diabetes mellitus
Spectrum of presentation of urinary tract infection
-asymptomatic bacteriuria
-symptomatic acute urethritis and cystitis
-acute pyelonephritis
acute prostatitis
-septicaemia
Typical features of UTI
-abrupt onset of frequency of micturition
-scalding pain in the urethra during micturition
-suprapubic pain during and after voiding
-intense desire to pass more urine after micturition
-urine may appear cloudy and unpleasant odour
-visible haematuria
Antibiotics used in case of UTI
1.Upper UTI
Trimethoprim
nitrofurantoin
co amoxiclav
ciprofloxacin
norfloxacin
gentamicin
2.Lower UTI
Trimethoprim
ciprofloxacin
norfloxacin
3.Prophylactic
Trimethoprim
co amoxiclav
cefalexin
And before I end my post, let me share why UTI is more common in females..
1.the distance between urethra and the anus is near
2.female urethra is shorter than male
3.female dont have bactericidal prostatic secretions.
by Lakdhes
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