REF:
🔹 ABG / VBG Interpreter
• Winter SD, et al. The fall of the serum bicarbonate level in metabolic acidosis: a reappraisal of the Winter’s formula. N Engl J Med. 1967.
• Narins RG, Emmett M. Simple and mixed acid–base disorders: a practical approach. Medicine (Baltimore). 1980;59:161-187.
• Story DA, Poustie S. Essential principles in interpreting arterial blood gases. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine. 2010.
• Kelly AM. Review article: Can venous blood gases replace arterial blood gases in emergency medical care. Emerg Med Australas. 2010.
🔹 ECG Helper
• Surawicz B, Knilans TK. Chou’s Electrocardiography in Clinical Practice. 6th ed. Elsevier, 2008.
• Goldberger AL. Clinical Electrocardiography: A Simplified Approach. 9th ed. Elsevier, 2017.
• Life in the Fast Lane (LITFL). ECG Library. https://litfl.com/ecg-library.
• American Heart Association. Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support Provider Manual. 2020 update.
5.Clinical Toolbox – Free Medical Calculators & Guidelines (ABG, ECG, Dosing, Vaccines)
🔹 Renal & Hepatic Dose Adjuster
• Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron. 1976;16(1):31-41.
• KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2013;3(1).
• Pugh RN et al. Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices. Br J Surg. 1973;60(8):646-9. (Original Child-Pugh classification).
• EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2018.
⸻
🔹 Fluids & Electrolytes
• Holliday MA, Segar WE. The maintenance need for water in parenteral fluid therapy. Pediatrics. 1957;19(5):823-32. (Holliday-Segar method).
• Moritz ML, Ayus JC. Maintenance intravenous fluids in acutely ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:1350-1360.
• Adrogue HJ, Madias NE. Hyponatremia. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1581-1589.
• Sterns RH, et al. Treatment of severe hyponatremia: rapid correction and risk of osmotic demyelination. N Engl J Med. 1986..
⸻
🔹 Clinical Decision Hub (Scoring Systems)
• CURB-65: Lim WS, van der Eerden MM, et al. Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital. Thorax. 2003;58:377-382.
• Wells Score for DVT/PE: Wells PS, et al. Value of assessment of pretest probability of deep-vein thrombosis in clinical management. Lancet. 1997;350:1795-1798.
• CHA₂DS₂-VASc: Lip GYH, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R, Lane DA, Crijns HJGM. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation. Chest. 2010;137(2):263-272.
⸻
🔹 Vaccine Scheduler (KKM Malaysia)
• Primary Reference: Ministry of Health (MOH) Malaysia / Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (KKM).
• “National Immunisation Schedule” (Latest circular – 2021, with Sabah and Sarawak modifications).
• Available from: KKM official website and KKM Portal.
• WHO. Immunization in Practice: A practical guide for health staff. 2015 update.
⸻
🔹 Procedures Checklists
• Dougherty L, Lister S. The Royal Marsden Hospital Manual of Clinical Nursing Procedures. 9th Edition. Wiley-Blackwell, 2015.
• Thomas J, et al. Oxford Handbook of Clinical Skills. Oxford University Press, 2014.
• NICE Clinical Skills guidance documents.
• Local hospital policies (always to be cross-checked).
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7.Teleconnect -Follow Up Message with Patients
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Always verify results with official guidelines before applying them in patient care.
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For reference use only. Always confirm with official guidelines.
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