Types of Muscle In Human Body

Types of Muscle In Human Body

There are about 640 skeletal muscles within human body, and almost every muscle constitutes one part of a pair of identical bilateral muscles, found on both sides.

The muscles of the human body can be categorized into a number of groups which include muscles relating to the head and neck, muscles of the torso or trunk, muscles of the upper limbs, and muscles of the lower limbs.

There are only three types of muscle present in the human body:

Skeletal Muscle-example(muscle like biceps,triceps)

Smooth Muscle-example(gastrointestinal tract)

Cardiac Muscle -example (only heart muscle)

Major Muscles of the Human Body

Muscle's and their nerve supply:

Upper Limb

Scapular Region

-Deltoid -Axillary nerve

-Supraspinatus-suprascapular nerve

-Infraspinatus-suprascapular nerve

-Teres Minor -axillary nerve

-Subscapularis-upper subscapular nerve, lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

-Teres Major-Lower subscapular nerve (segmental levels C5 and C6)

Back Muscle

-Trapezius -major nerve supply is the cranial nerve XI. Cervical nerves C3 and C4 receive information about pain in this muscle

-Levator Scapulae-cervical nerve (C3, C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

-Rhomboids Major -dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)

-Rhomboids Minor-dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)

-Latissimus Dorsi -thoracodorsal nerve

Serratus Posterior:

-inferior-intercostal nerves 

-superior -2nd through 5th intercostal nerves

splenius:

-capitis-C3, C4

-cervicis-C5, C6

-erector spinae -posterior branch of spinal nerve

-longissimus-posterior branch of spinal nerve

-spinalis-posterior branch of spinal nerve

Front  Muscle

intercostales:   

-external   - intercostal nerves 

-internal       -intercostal nerves 

-innermost   - intercostal nerves  

-subcostales  - intercostal nerves  

-transversus thoracis - intercostal nerves 

-levatores costarum - dorsal rami - C8, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11

-Rectus Abdominus-segmentally by thoraco-abdominal nerves (T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12)

-Transversus Abdominus-intercostal nerves T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve, genitofemoral nerve

-Quadratus Lumborum-Anterior branches of T12, L1, L2, L3, L4

-Pyramidalis-Subcostal nerve (T12) 

-Cremaster -genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

-Internal Obliques-intercostal nerves T8, T9, T10, T11, subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve

-External Obliques-intercostal nerves T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, subcostal nerve (T12)

- diaphragm- phrenic and lower intercostal nerves

-Pectoralis Major-lateral pectoral nerve and medial pectoral nerve

                        Clavicular head: C5 and C6

                        Sternocostal head: C7, C8 and T1

-Pectoralis Minor-Medial pectoral nerves (C8, T1)

-Serratus Anterior -long thoracic nerve (from roots of brachial plexus C5, C6, C7)

Front of the  Arm Muscles

-Biceps Brachii -Musculocutaneous nerve (Lateral cord: C5, C6, C7)

-Coracobrachialis- musculocutaneous nerve

-Brachialis -musculocutaneous nerve

Back of the Arm

-Triceps Brachii-radial nerve

Anterior /Flexor Compartment of Forearm

Superficial muscle

-Pronator Teres-median nerve

-Flexor Carpi Radialis-median nerve

-Flexor Carpi Ulnaris-ulnar nerve

-Flexor Digitorum Superficialis-median nerve

-Palmaris Longus-median nerve

Deep muscle

-Flexor Pollicis Longus-Anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve) (C8, T1)

-Flexor digitorum profundus-medial part by ulnar nerve and lateral part by anterior interosseous nerve

-Pronator Quadratus-anterior -median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve)

Posterior /Extensor compartment of forearm

Superficial muscle

-Brachioradialis -radial nerve

-Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis-deep branch of the radial nerve

-Extensor Digiti Minimi-posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

-Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus-radial nerve

- Extensor Carpi Ulnaris-posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

-Extensor Digitorum-posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

-Anconeus-radial nerve (C7, C8, and T1)

Deep Muscle

-Supinator-posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

-Extensor Pollicis Longus- posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

-Abductor Pollicis Longus-posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

-Extensor Pollicis Brevis- posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

-Extensor  indicis-posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

Hand 

Thenar

-opponens pollicis - median nerve 

-flexor pollicis brevis -median nerve, deep branch of ulnar nerve (medial head) 

-abductor pollicis brevis  -Median nerve Abduction of thumb Adductor pollicis muscle

-adductor pollicis brevis- deep branch of ulnar nerve (T1) adducts the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint 

Hypothenar :

-abductor digiti minimi  deep branch of ulnar nerve  

-flexor digiti minimi brevis  deep branch of ulnar nerve flexes little finger 

-opponens digiti minimi  deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) 

-Palmaris brevis-Superficial branch of ulnar nerve

Other Intrinsic Muscle of Hand

-lumbrical -deep branch of ulnar nerve, median nerve 

-dorsal interossei  deep branch of ulnar nerve abduct finger Palmar interossei muscles

-palmar interossei   deep branch of ulnar nerve adduction 

Lower Limb

Gluteal Region

- Gluteus Medius-Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5)

-Gluteus Minimus-Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5)

-Gluteus Maximus-inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2 nerve roots)

-Piriformis-nerve to the Piriformis (S1 and S2 nerve roots)

-Tensor Fascia Lata- Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5)

-Obturator externus- posterior branch of obturator nerve (L3, L4) adduct thigh, rotate laterally thigh 

-Obturator internus-Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)

-Quadratus femoris- Nerve to quadrates femoris (L5, S1, S2)

-Gemellus Superior - Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)

-Gemellus Inferior- Nerve to quadrates femoris (L5, S1, S2)

-Articularis genu-femoral nerve

Anterior /Extensor Compartment of the Thigh 

-Pectineus-Femoral nerve, sometimes obturator nerve

-Sartorius-femoral nerve

-Vastus lateralis-femoral nerve  

-Vastus intermedius-femoral nerve

-Vastus medialis -femoral nerve 

-Iliopsoas-femoral nerve, Lumbar nerves L1, L2

-Rectus Femoris-femoral nerve

-Iliacus-Femoral nerve

 Medial/Adductor Compartment of the Thigh 

-Adductor Brevis-obturator nerve

-Adductor Longus-anterior branch of obturator nerve

-Adductor Magnus-posterior branch of obturator nerve (adductor) and sciatic nerve (hamstring)

-Gracilis-anterior branch of obturator nerve

-Obturator externus- obturator nerve  

-Pectineus-Femoral nerve, sometimes obturator nerve

Posterior /Flexor Compartment of the Thigh

-Biceps Femoris-long head: tibial nerve, short head: common peroneal nerve

-Semitendinosus-sciatic (tibial, L5, S1, S2)

-Semimembranosus-sciatic nerve

-Adductor Magnus(hamstring part)-tibial part of sciatic nerve

Anterior /Extensor Compartment of Leg/Anterior Crural Region

-Tibialis Anterior-Deep peroneal nerve

-Extensor Digitorum Longus-Deep peroneal nerve

-Externsor Hallucis Longus-Deep peroneal nerve

-Peronues Tertius -Deep peroneal nerve

Lateral Compartment of Leg/Peroneal Region of Leg

Peroneus :

-Fibularis longus -superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve 

-Fibularis brevis -superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

Posterior /Flexor Compartment of Leg/ Posterior Crural Region

Superficial muscle

-Gastrocnemius-tibial nerve from the sciatic, specifically, nerve roots S1, S2

- Soleus-tibial nerve, specifically, nerve roots L5–S2

-Plantaris-tibial nerve

Deep Muscle

-Popliteus-tibial nerve

-Tibialis Posterior -tibial nerve

- Flexor Digitorum Longus -tibial nerve

-Flexor Hallucis Longus -tibial nerve, S1, S2 nerve roots

Foot

-abductor hallucis  -plantar nerve

-flexor digitorum brevis -plantar nerve

-abductor digiti minimi -lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2) 

-quadratus plantae -  lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2) 

-lumbrical muscle - plantar nerve  

-flexor hallucis brevis  -  medial plantar nerve 

-adductor hallucis   - plantar nerve

-flexor digiti minimi brevis-   plantar nerve 

-dorsal interossei -   plantar nerve

-plantar interossei - plantar nerve

Scalp and Eyelid

-occipitofrontalis- facial nerve

-corrugator supercilii -facial nerve

-depressor supercilii-facial nerve

Extraocular muscles

-levator palpebrae superioris -oculomotor nerve

-superior tarsal-sympathetic nervous system

-superior rectus-oculomotor nerve

-inferior rectus-inferior branch of oculomotor nerve

-lateral rectus-abducens nerve

-medial rectus-inferior division of the oculomotor nerve

-superior oblique-trochlear nerve

-inferior oblique-oculomotor nerve

Muscle of Tongue

Intrinsic muscle

-superior longitudinal -Hypoglossal nerve

-transversus -Hypoglossal nerve

-inferior longitudinal- Hypoglossal nerve

-vertical -Hypoglossal nerve

Extrinsic muscle

-genioglossus-Hypoglossal nerve

-hyoglossus -Hypoglossal nerve

-chondroglossus-Hypoglossal nerve

-styloglossus-Hypoglossal nerve

-palatoglossus-cranial part of accessory nerve through pharyngeal arch.

All the muscle of the tongue developed from occipital mytome.So there are supplied by hypoglossal nerve except palatoglossus which is supplied by cranial part of accessory nerve through pharyngeal arch.

The main functions of extrinsic muscle are altering the tongue's position allowing for protrusion, retraction, and side-to-side movement.

The main function of the intrinsic muscles is to provide shape and size.

Sensory Supply :

Anterior 2/3rd of the tongue:

General sense : lingual nerve branch of mandibular nerve

Special sense: chorda tympani branch of facial nerve CN VII (carried to the tongue by the lingual nerve).

Posterior 1/3rd of tongue:

General and Special sense: Glossopharyngeal nerve

Extreme Posterior Part :

Developed from the fourth arch so,General and Special sense at this part is supplied by vagus nerve through internal larygngeal nerve.

Muscle of Soft palate

-levator veli palatini- vagus nerve 

-tensor veli palatini- medial pterygoid of mandibular nerve tension of the soft palate 

-musculus uvulae -pharyngeal plexus  

-palatopharyngeus- vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve

Muscle of Larynx

-arytenoid - recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus approximate the arytenoid cartilages (close rima glottidis) 

-thyroarytenoid - recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus

-cricothyroid - external laryngeal branch of the vagus tension and elongation of the vocal folds (has minor adductory effect) 

Cricoarytenoid:

-posterior - recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus 

-lateral-recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus 

Muscle of Pharynx

Pharyngeal constrictor:

-inferior -external laryngeal branch of the vagus 

-middle- Vagus nerve 

-superior -Vagus nerve 

-stylopharyngeus -glossopharyngeal nerve 

-salpingopharyngeus- vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve 

Muscles of Neck

Cervical

-platysma-cervical branch of the facial nerve (CN VII) 

-sternocleidomastoid  -motor: accessory nerve

                                 sensory: cervical plexus

Suprahyoid

-digastric-anterior belly - mandibular division of the trigeminal (CN V) via the mylohyoid nerve; posterior belly - facial nerve (CN VII)  

-stylohyoid -facial nerve (CN VII) 

-mylohyoid-mylohyoid nerve, from inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve [V3] 

-geniohyoid-C1 via hypoglossal nerve

Infrahyoid

-sternohyoid-ansa cervicalis  

-sternothyroid -Ansa cervicalis  

-thyrohyoid-first cervical nerve  

-omohyoid -Ansa cervicalis 

Muscle of Mouth

-levator anguli oris - facial nerve smile

Action:elevates angle of mouth

-depressor anguli oris - mandibular branch of facial nerve 

Action:depresses angle of mouth 

-levator labii superioris -buccal branch of the facial nerve

Action:  Elevates the upper lip

-depressor labii inferioris- facial nerve                       

Action:  depress the lower lip 

-Zygomaticus Major- buccal branch of the facial nerve

Action: draws angle of mouth upward and laterally 

-Zygomaticus Minor-  facial nerve, buccal branch  

Action: elevates upper lip 

-mentalis  -mandibular branch of facial nerve

Action: elevates and wrinkles skin of chin, protrudes lower lip 

-buccinator  -buccal branch of the facial nerve 

Action:compress the cheeks against the teeth (blowing), mastication. 

-orbicularis oris - buccal branch of the facial nerve

Action: pucker the lips 

-risorius -Buccal branch of the facial nerve 

Action:draw back angle of mouth

Muscle of Mastication

-masseter -masseteric nerve (V3)       

Action:  elevation (as in closing of the mouth) and retraction of mandible

-temporalis -third branch (mandibular nerve) of the trigeminal nerve  

Action:  elevation and retraction of mandible 

-Pterygoid Lateral -external pterygoid nerve from the mandibular nerve       nerve    Action:depresses mandible 

-Pterygoid medial- mandibular nerve via nerve to medial pterygoid elevates mandible

Action: closes jaw, helps lateral pterygoids in moving the jaw from side to side

 by Lakdhes