Anti Diarrhoeal Medicine(Treatment For Diarrhoea )

Anti Diarrhoeal Medicine

   

Treatment For Diarrhoea:

Diarrhoea is the condition of having three or more loose or liquid bowel movements per day. It is a common cause of death in developing countries and the second most common cause of infant deaths worldwide. The loss of fluids through diarrhea can cause dehydration and electrolyte disturbances such as potassium deficiency or other salt imbalances.

       

Opioid agonist:

-Loperamide

-Diphenoxylate



2.Kaolin and pectin;



3.Somatostatin;


4.Colloidal Bismuth compound;

-Bismuth subcitrate

-Bismuth subsalicylate

-Bismuth dinitrate



5.Bile Salt Binding Resins;

-Colestipol

-Cholestyramine


Advantage Of Loperamide :
Although all opioid  have anti diarrhoel effect ,Loperamide is an ideal drug for diarhhoea because :
-it does not cross blood brain barrier 
-it has no analgesic effect
-it is not potential for addition 
-tolerance to long term use has not been reported 

-Diphenoxylate Hydrochloride is available only in combination with atropine sulfate.This is because atropine prevent euphoria(side effect of diphenoxylate).

Role of Tetracycline 
The main cause of acute watery diarrhoea is Rota virus and V.Cholera.So viral acute watery diarrhoea need not treat with Tetracycline.But if the cause of acute watery diarrhoea is bacterial V.Cholera confirmed ,then we can use Tetracycline  because v.Cholera is highly sensitive to Tetracycline .

Oral Rehydration Salt

Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) is a simple treatment for dehydration associated with diarrhea, particularly gastroenteritis or gastroenteropathy, such as that caused by cholera or rotavirus. ORT consists of a solution of salts and sugars that is taken by mouth. It is used around the world, but is most important in the developing world, where it saves millions of children a year from death due to diarrhea, the second leading cause of death (after pneumonia) in children under five.

Types:
1.Citrate Saline
2.Bicarbonate Saline

3.Rice Saline

4.Oral Rehydration Salt(ORS)

Composition of ORS:

1.NaCl  -2.6g/l

2.KCl   -1.5g/l

3.Trisodium citrate dihydrate -2.5g/l

4.Anhydrous glucose    -13.5g/l

In cases where ORS is not available, homemade solutions are often used.

by Lakdhes